考研翻译基础的被动语态
英语中被动使用的范围很广。凡是在不必说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或是为了便于连贯上下文等场合,往往使用被动语态。汉语中虽然也有被动语态,但使用范围狭窄很多。英语被动语态的句子,译成汉语时,很多情况下都可译成主动句,但也有一些可以保持被动语态。下面是小编整理的考研翻译基础的被动语态,希望大家喜欢。
考研翻译基础的被动语态
一、译成汉语主动句:
英语中被动结构的句子译成汉语的主动句可以有几种不同的情况:
(一) 原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语
例1:The whole country was armed in a few days.
简析:主语:country; was armed 被动语态作谓语,但译成汉语后则不用被动语态。
译文:几天以内全国武装起来了。
(二) 原文中的主语在译文中作宾语
例2:It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt.
简析:it是形式主语,真正主语是if后面的内容。其实实际整句话的主语省略了的。
译文:如果(人们)不强烈地感到损失,那倒是奇怪了。
(三) 译成带表语的主动句
例3:The decision to attack was not taken ligh ……此处隐藏1080个字……//that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:"认为"、"相比"和"掌握"。具体为:
(1)It is imagined by many 此处是"It+被动语态+that"形式的处理,译为"很多人认为"。
(2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为"普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比"。
(3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为"认为这些思维过程是须由某种专门训练才能掌握"。